{"id":561242,"date":"2025-11-24T08:37:25","date_gmt":"2025-11-24T13:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/?p=561242"},"modified":"2025-11-24T08:39:31","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T13:39:31","slug":"science-fiction-and-innovation-in-space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/science-fiction-and-innovation-in-space\/","title":{"rendered":"Science fiction and innovation in space"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Science Fiction and Innovation in Space\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/egHLzNVHhcw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this episode of Space Minds, Senior Staff Writer Jeff Foust moderates a panel at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg Center, the next installment of the Center\u2019s Discovery Series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The panel brings together leaders from Astrobotic, Apex, Johns Hopkins APL and Stoke Space to explore how ideas once confined to the pages of science fiction are rapidly becoming reality. From commercial lunar landers and factory-scale satellite production to nuclear-powered rotorcraft bound for Titan and fully reusable rockets designed to fly daily, the space industry is undergoing a transformative moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The panel discusses the technologies driving this surge\u2014lower-cost launch, advanced autonomy, shrinking spacecraft, and the rise of a vibrant commercial ecosystem. They also examine the future of lunar infrastructure, in-orbit manufacturing, national security needs, and the growing competitive pressure from China. It\u2019s a wide-ranging conversation about innovation, challenges, and the new frontiers emerging as space becomes more accessible than ever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moderator: Jeff Foust<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Panelists:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>John Thornton \u2014 CEO, Astrobotic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wes Puckett \u2014 VP Government Strategy, Apex<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bobby Braun \u2014 Space Exploration Sector Head, Johns Hopkins APL<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Devon Papandrew \u2014 VP Business Development, Stoke Space<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-show-notes-and-transcript\">Show notes and transcript<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><br>Click here for Notes and Transcript<\/summary>\n<p><strong>Time Markers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>00:00 &#8211; Introduction: When science fiction becomes science fact<br>00:41 &#8211; A technology that changed everything<br>04:25 &#8211; Panel introduction<br>06:29 &#8211; The elevator pitches<br>11:16 &#8211; Astrobotic\u2019s Griffin lander<br>15:46 &#8211; Why satellite manufacturing needs an automotive mindset<br>19:08 &#8211; Dragonfly mission: Flying a nuclear-powered rotorcraft on Titan<br>23:17 &#8211; Reusable rockets designed for daily flights<br>26:44 &#8211; Are they competing with SpaceX?<br>29:25 &#8211; What changed? Key innovation inflection points of the last decade<br>37:46 &#8211; AI and autonomy: Real applications in spacecraft, design &amp; operations<br>44:20 &#8211; How government R&amp;D fuels commercial breakthroughs\u2014and vice versa<br>46:13 &#8211; What about China? Competition, motivation &amp; risk<br>52:24 &#8211; What\u2019s the most exciting thing in space right now (besides their own work)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Transcript \u2013 Panel Conversation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This transcript has been edited-for-clarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 I invite the panel to come up on the stage here. We\u2019re talking about innovation and emerging capabilities. Earlier, Mike mentioned the influence that science fiction has had on luminaries like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos. I was one of those people too\u2014I just didn\u2019t become a billionaire. Growing up in the \u201980s, without the internet, I turned to books and especially science fiction to imagine future possibilities: lunar landers run by companies, fleets of satellites, fully reusable rockets, asteroid deflection. Today in 2025, the people on this panel are doing all of these things. Science fiction is becoming reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So for the next 50 minutes or so, we\u2019ll explore what these organizations are doing and look broadly at innovation in space\u2014key technologies enabling today\u2019s rapid expansion, the challenges ahead, and what the future might hold. I\u2019ll ask each panelist to give a short elevator pitch before we dive deeper. John, start us off.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>John Thornton<\/strong> \u2013 Great. Thank you. Astrobotic is in the business of making space accessible to the world. The big thing we\u2019re known for is our lunar landers. We flew our first one a year and a half ago. It didn\u2019t get all the way to the Moon, but we learned a lot\u2014spent ten and a half days in space, tested every piece of our system, fixed what didn\u2019t work, and now we\u2019re preparing for our next flight in mid-2026. That mission will carry a 500-kilogram rover to the south pole of the Moon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019re also building a power grid for the lunar poles called LunaGrid\u2014one of the biggest things emerging right now to make the Moon sustainable. And here on Earth, we\u2019re developing reusable rockets, starting small and scaling up. That\u2019s Astrobotic in a snapshot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 All right. Wes?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wes Puckett<\/strong> \u2013 I\u2019m Wes Puckett, Vice President of U.S. Government Strategy at Apex. We\u2019re laser-focused on the manufacturing problem. We see scale as the huge knob that needs turning in the space industry. It\u2019s straightforward to get one demonstration mission working these days, but if you haven\u2019t designed for manufacturability or solved your supply chain, suddenly it takes two to three years to reach scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We solve that problem. We want to create infrastructure that lets payload providers get to space with minimal friction. That enables broader proliferation across the industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 Bobby?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bobby Braun<\/strong> \u2013 Thanks, Jeff. I\u2019m Bobby Braun from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab. APL is a defense and national security lab with a significant civil space footprint, primarily for NASA but also NOAA. We build one-of-a-kind, first-of-a-kind space science missions. We collaborate with industry but tackle big science and technology challenges that haven\u2019t been done before\u2014like the DART asteroid deflection mission or Dragonfly, a mission to Titan to search for the origins of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We develop technologies, scientific theories, and share them broadly to strengthen the U.S. economy. And we do a lot of work in national security space, which has grown significantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 Devin?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Devon Papandrew<\/strong> \u2013 Stoke Space is building 100% reusable rockets designed to fly daily. Both the first and second stages return to the launch site to be rapidly reused\u2014operated more like commercial aircraft than disposable hardware. We believe this can deliver routine, reliable, low-cost access to space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We\u2019ve raised about a billion dollars, have major commercial and government contracts, and have been building hardware fast. We\u2019re nearly done reconstructing Launch Site 14 at Cape Canaveral\u2014the old John Glenn pad. We aim to bring it all together for our first launch next year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 John, you\u2019re developing the Griffin lander you want to launch next year. Give the audience a feel for where things stand and what the mission will do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>John Thornton<\/strong> \u2013 Griffin is being built at our headquarters in Pittsburgh. You can actually see it through the glass at the Moonshot Museum. Right now, the structure is complete. Tanks are staged and ready. Avionics and solar panels are waiting to be integrated. Propulsion lines are welded\u2014thin-wall titanium tubes are hard, but they\u2019re done. Over the next few months, we\u2019ll finish integration and send the lander to NASA Glenn for environmental tests\u2014thermal vacuum, vibration, EMI, RFI\u2014and then ship it to the Cape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s a large lander using the full capacity of Falcon Heavy. After trans-lunar injection, we control the trajectory, enter lunar orbit, descend, land, deploy payloads, and operate for 5\u201310 days. It\u2019s short because lunar night gets extremely cold\u2014liquid-nitrogen cold for two weeks. Batteries fail. Electronics fail. LunaGrid will eventually solve that; for now, this mission demonstrates large-scale mobility with a partner-built rover at the lunar south pole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 And you had to pivot because NASA changed the plan for the payload. What did you have to adjust, and who wants to send things to the Moon?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>John Thornton<\/strong> \u2013 This mission began in 2020 under NASA\u2019s CLPS program\u2014Commercial Lunar Payload Services. NASA buys end-to-end commercial delivery to the Moon. Griffin originally carried NASA\u2019s VIPER rover. NASA later pulled VIPER and moved it to a different lander.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We were lucky to find a similar payload from Astrolab. Astrobotic and Astrolab teamed up, and their rover will now fly with us instead. When VIPER came off, we asked who wanted to go to the Moon\u2014within a very short time, 60 groups from around the world knocked on our door. Demand is increasing dramatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 Wes, satellites used to be bespoke. You\u2019re building assembly-line satellites. How?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wes Puckett<\/strong> \u2013 We want to apply automotive-style manufacturing to satellites\u2014efficient assembly lines, optimized supply chains, and designs built for manufacturability. Think of our satellite buses as the vans or trucks you\u2019d buy to operate any business. We want them to be the accessible tools you use to get your mission done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We offer transparent pricing on our website, downloadable CAD files, user guides, and multiple configurations to fit most missions while still manufacturing a single part number. Reusable launch has dropped costs, and we aim to be the next layer of infrastructure enabling space proliferation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 And who\u2019s buying these satellites?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wes Puckett<\/strong> \u2013 A healthy mix of commercial and government customers. Demand matches our manufacturing ramp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 Bobby, let\u2019s talk about Dragonfly. What will the mission do, and what are you developing to make a rotorcraft fly on Titan?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bobby Braun<\/strong> \u2013 Dragonfly is as NASA as it gets\u2014a flying vehicle, a science mission, and a technology mission. Titan is an ocean world like early Earth. We\u2019re sending instruments to study the chemical building blocks of life. The vehicle is powered by a radioisotope generator feeding a battery that runs science instruments, flight systems, and telecom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are no other spacecraft at Titan, so we must communicate directly with Earth. That requires autonomy: choosing landing sites, managing power, selecting instruments. Over three-plus years, Dragonfly will travel a distance roughly from Washington, D.C. to New York across Titan\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 Devin, fully reusable rockets seem logical\u2014we don\u2019t throw away parts of airplanes. Why is it so hard?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Devon Papandrew<\/strong> \u2013 Upper-stage mass is the big challenge. Every kilogram you devote to reusability is one less kilogram of payload\u2014the thing you get paid for. So the economics look bad at low flight rates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But high cadence changes everything. The biggest cost driver in launch is your fixed overhead. If you only fly a few times a year, prices must be high. With rapid reusability, you can amortize costs across many flights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The other challenge is refurbishment. The Space Shuttle was reusable, but refurbishment was so costly and slow that you might as well have built a new orbiter each time. We solve this through actively cooled heat shields\u2014robust, resilient, tolerant to real-world conditions. Land, refuel, refly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 SpaceX is also building full reusability with Starship. Are you competing with them?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Devon Papandrew<\/strong> \u2013 Anyone in launch competes with SpaceX\u2014they\u2019re dominant. But we\u2019re medium-lift. Starship is ideal for Starlink and Moon\/Mars missions. There\u2019s huge unmet demand among third-party constellations\u2014communications, Earth observation, SIGINT, national security. Those customers need something in our class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And while Starship may reduce costs, it won\u2019t necessarily reduce prices. Competition is what lowers prices. That\u2019s where we come in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 What\u2019s changed in the last 10 years that created today\u2019s inflection point?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>John Thornton<\/strong> \u2013 Lower launch costs, greater belief in lunar missions, a shift in perception. Years ago, saying we\u2019d land on the Moon got us laughed at. Not anymore. Demand is rising fast\u201460 groups wanted a lunar ride when VIPER moved off our lander. People see resource potential: water ice that can become rocket fuel. The Moon is the gateway to using space resources and expanding the economic sphere beyond Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bobby Braun<\/strong> \u2013 Spacecraft are getting smaller, and rideshare has opened opportunities. Compute keeps increasing, enabling autonomy\u2014Perseverance chose its own landing site; Dragonfly will autonomously pick landing sites every time. Cheap launch, small spacecraft, and powerful computing are fueling rapid growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Devon Papandrew<\/strong> \u2013 Falcon 9 reusability and rideshare made proliferated constellations economically viable. The next era includes more launch players, more routine access, and microgravity manufacturing. Huge value is possible\u2014materials, biotech, pharmaceuticals. But you need downmass. Many samples die waiting for return capacity. That\u2019s why reusable upper stages matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wes Puckett<\/strong> \u2013 Launch cost drops enabled many missions. We want to be the next enabler\u2014making it easy for people to get to space. GEO will also get cheaper, opening new opportunities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 How are you using or considering using AI?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wes Puckett<\/strong> \u2013 In design and software development. And as constellations grow in crowded LEO, autonomy for collision avoidance becomes essential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bobby Braun<\/strong> \u2013 We use AI widely, including for materials discovery. Autonomy is key for missions like Dragonfly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>John Thornton<\/strong> \u2013 We use autonomy for landers and AI for data processing\u2014there\u2019s a petabyte of lunar data out there. AI could identify resource hotspots. We\u2019re exploring design applications too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Devon Papandrew<\/strong> \u2013 We use AI in tools for building and testing rockets, though much is deterministic. Application-layer customers may use it more heavily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 How have public-sector innovations helped you? And Bobby, how do you integrate private-sector innovation?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>John Thornton<\/strong> \u2013 Astrobotic is a Carnegie Mellon spinout. Autonomous car research translated directly to lander work. SBIR\/STTR funding was foundational\u2014we exist because of it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wes Puckett<\/strong> \u2013 We want to make it easier to test technologies in space. More space experimentation accelerates progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Devon Papandrew<\/strong> \u2013 Our first revenue was a Phase I SBIR from NSF\u2014foundational. Private investment accelerated once government interest became clear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bobby Braun<\/strong> \u2013 Absolutely. APL thrives on integrating innovations. We license tech\u2014like Rocket Lab\u2019s Frontier-X radio, which originated at APL. We also partner with Intuitive Machines on cislunar navigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 What about China?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>John Thornton<\/strong> \u2013 China is aggressive on the Moon\u2014first to land on the far side, exploring resources, pushing human missions. Yes, it\u2019s competition, but competition accelerates progress\u2014like the U.S.\u2013Soviet race. It focuses investment and galvanizes innovation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wes Puckett<\/strong> \u2013 Apex recently announced a self-funded demonstration for space-based interceptors\u2014defensive, not destructive. A resilient space architecture is vital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bobby Braun<\/strong> \u2013 China is a peer competitor. But I\u2019ll take the U.S. space industry and talent against anyone. It\u2019s a motivator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Devon Papandrew<\/strong> \u2013 SBI systems require many interceptors in many orbits, which requires lots of launch. To stay competitive, we need routine, reliable access to space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 What is the most interesting thing happening in space right now\u2014other than your own work?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>John Thornton<\/strong> \u2013 The massive investment flowing into space. It\u2019s fueling activity across the board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wes Puckett<\/strong> \u2013 Space-to-space optical communications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bobby Braun<\/strong> \u2013 Space-based power generation. With enough power and compute, we could have data centers in space. Also, I\u2019m bullish on a robotically tended south-pole lunar base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Devon Papandrew<\/strong> \u2013 Lunar infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jeff Foust<\/strong> \u2013 Unfortunately, we\u2019re out of time. Thank you to our panelists and everyone who helped organize this event\u2014please join the reception in the lobby.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-about-space-minds\">About Space Minds<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Space Minds is a new audio and video podcast from SpaceNews that focuses on the inspiring leaders, technologies and exciting opportunities in space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The weekly podcast features compelling interviews with scientists, founders and experts who love to talk about space, covers the news that has enthusiasts daydreaming, and engages with listeners. Join David Ariosto, Mike Gruss and journalists from the SpaceNews team for new episodes every Thursday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watch a new episode every Thursday on&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/spacenews.com\/\">SpaceNews.com<\/a>&nbsp;and on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@SpaceNewsInc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">YouTube<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/2EelNYh8QiOM3AuP68nYAr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Spotify<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/au\/channel\/spacenews\/id6744940687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Apple<\/a> channels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Be the first to know when new episodes drop! 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9.70711 1.70711L5.70711 5.70711C5.31658 6.09763 4.68342 6.09763 4.29289 5.70711L0.292893 1.70711C-0.0976311 1.31658 -0.0976311 0.683418 0.292893 0.292893Z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");--gf-icon-ctrl-search: url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg width='640' height='640' xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M256 128c-70.692 0-128 57.308-128 128 0 70.691 57.308 128 128 128 70.691 0 128-57.309 128-128 0-70.692-57.309-128-128-128zM64 256c0-106.039 85.961-192 192-192s192 85.961 192 192c0 41.466-13.146 79.863-35.498 111.248l154.125 154.125c12.496 12.496 12.496 32.758 0 45.254s-32.758 12.496-45.254 0L367.248 412.502C335.862 434.854 297.467 448 256 448c-106.039 0-192-85.962-192-192z' fill='rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.65)'\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");--gf-label-space-y-secondary: var(--gf-label-space-y-md-secondary);--gf-ctrl-border-color: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-size: var(--gf-ctrl-size-md);--gf-ctrl-label-color-primary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-label-color-secondary: #112337;--gf-ctrl-choice-size: var(--gf-ctrl-choice-size-md);--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-checkbox-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size: var(--gf-ctrl-radio-check-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-font-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-padding-x-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-size: var(--gf-ctrl-btn-size-md);--gf-ctrl-btn-border-color-secondary: #686e77;--gf-ctrl-file-btn-bg-color-hover: #EBEBEB;--gf-field-img-choice-size: var(--gf-field-img-choice-size-md);--gf-field-img-choice-card-space: var(--gf-field-img-choice-card-space-md);--gf-field-img-choice-check-ind-size: var(--gf-field-img-choice-check-ind-size-md);--gf-field-img-choice-check-ind-icon-size: var(--gf-field-img-choice-check-ind-icon-size-md);--gf-field-pg-steps-number-color: rgba(17, 35, 55, 0.8);}<\/style>\n                        <div class='gform_heading'>\n                            <h2 class=\"gform_title\">Space Minds Podcast<\/h2>\n                            <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='gform_required_legend'>&quot;<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>&quot; indicates required fields<\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_54'  action='\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/561242' data-formid='54' novalidate>\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_54' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><div id=\"field_54_15\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-honeypot gform_validation_container field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_15'>Facebook<\/label><div class='ginput_container'><input name='input_15' id='input_54_15' type='text' value='' autocomplete='new-password'\/><\/div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_54_15'>This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.<\/div><\/div><fieldset id=\"field_54_2\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield--input-type-name gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_hidden_label gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 ginput_container_name gform-grid-row' id='input_54_2'>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_54_2_3_container' class='name_first gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_2.3' id='input_54_2_3' value=''   aria-required='true'   placeholder='First'  \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_54_2_3' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub hidden_sub_label screen-reader-text'>First<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_54_2_6_container' class='name_last gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_2.6' id='input_54_2_6' value=''   aria-required='true'   placeholder='Last'  \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_54_2_6' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub hidden_sub_label screen-reader-text'>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/fieldset><div id=\"field_54_1\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--input-type-email gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_1'>Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_1' id='input_54_1' type='email' value='' class='medium'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"  \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_54_4\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_4'>Company<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_4' id='input_54_4' type='text' value='' class='medium'    placeholder='Company' aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_54_6\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_6'>Title<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_6' id='input_54_6' type='text' value='' class='medium'     aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_54_14\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-phone gfield--input-type-phone gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_14'>Phone<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_phone'><input name='input_14' id='input_54_14' type='tel' value='' class='large'    aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_54_12\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_12'>State<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_12' id='input_54_12' type='text' value='' class='medium'  aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_54_12\"   aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_54_12'>State \/ Province \/ Region<\/div><\/div><fieldset id=\"field_54_10\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-address gfield--input-type-address gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Country<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/legend>    \n                    <div class='ginput_complex ginput_container has_country ginput_container_address gform-grid-row' id='input_54_10' >\n                        <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='input_10.4' id='input_54_10_4' value=''\/><span class='ginput_left address_country ginput_address_country gform-grid-col' id='input_54_10_6_container' >\n                                        <select name='input_10.6' id='input_54_10_6'   aria-required='true'    ><option value='' selected='selected'><\/option><option value='Afghanistan' >Afghanistan<\/option><option value='Albania' >Albania<\/option><option value='Algeria' >Algeria<\/option><option value='American Samoa' >American Samoa<\/option><option value='Andorra' >Andorra<\/option><option value='Angola' >Angola<\/option><option value='Anguilla' >Anguilla<\/option><option value='Antarctica' >Antarctica<\/option><option value='Antigua and Barbuda' >Antigua and Barbuda<\/option><option value='Argentina' >Argentina<\/option><option value='Armenia' >Armenia<\/option><option value='Aruba' >Aruba<\/option><option value='Australia' >Australia<\/option><option value='Austria' >Austria<\/option><option value='Azerbaijan' >Azerbaijan<\/option><option value='Bahamas' >Bahamas<\/option><option value='Bahrain' >Bahrain<\/option><option value='Bangladesh' >Bangladesh<\/option><option value='Barbados' >Barbados<\/option><option value='Belarus' >Belarus<\/option><option value='Belgium' >Belgium<\/option><option value='Belize' >Belize<\/option><option value='Benin' >Benin<\/option><option value='Bermuda' >Bermuda<\/option><option value='Bhutan' >Bhutan<\/option><option value='Bolivia' >Bolivia<\/option><option value='Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba' >Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba<\/option><option value='Bosnia and Herzegovina' >Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/option><option value='Botswana' >Botswana<\/option><option value='Bouvet Island' >Bouvet Island<\/option><option value='Brazil' >Brazil<\/option><option value='British Indian Ocean Territory' >British Indian Ocean Territory<\/option><option value='Brunei Darussalam' >Brunei Darussalam<\/option><option value='Bulgaria' >Bulgaria<\/option><option value='Burkina Faso' >Burkina Faso<\/option><option value='Burundi' >Burundi<\/option><option value='Cabo Verde' >Cabo Verde<\/option><option value='Cambodia' >Cambodia<\/option><option value='Cameroon' >Cameroon<\/option><option value='Canada' >Canada<\/option><option value='Cayman Islands' >Cayman Islands<\/option><option value='Central African Republic' >Central African Republic<\/option><option value='Chad' >Chad<\/option><option value='Chile' >Chile<\/option><option value='China' >China<\/option><option value='Christmas Island' >Christmas Island<\/option><option value='Cocos Islands' >Cocos Islands<\/option><option value='Colombia' >Colombia<\/option><option value='Comoros' >Comoros<\/option><option value='Congo' >Congo<\/option><option value='Congo, Democratic Republic of the' >Congo, Democratic Republic of the<\/option><option value='Cook Islands' >Cook Islands<\/option><option value='Costa Rica' >Costa Rica<\/option><option value='Croatia' >Croatia<\/option><option value='Cuba' >Cuba<\/option><option value='Cura\u00e7ao' >Cura\u00e7ao<\/option><option value='Cyprus' >Cyprus<\/option><option value='Czechia' >Czechia<\/option><option value='C\u00f4te d&#039;Ivoire' >C\u00f4te d&#039;Ivoire<\/option><option value='Denmark' >Denmark<\/option><option value='Djibouti' >Djibouti<\/option><option value='Dominica' >Dominica<\/option><option value='Dominican Republic' >Dominican Republic<\/option><option value='Ecuador' >Ecuador<\/option><option value='Egypt' >Egypt<\/option><option value='El Salvador' >El Salvador<\/option><option value='Equatorial Guinea' >Equatorial Guinea<\/option><option value='Eritrea' >Eritrea<\/option><option value='Estonia' >Estonia<\/option><option value='Eswatini' >Eswatini<\/option><option value='Ethiopia' >Ethiopia<\/option><option value='Falkland Islands' >Falkland Islands<\/option><option value='Faroe Islands' >Faroe Islands<\/option><option value='Fiji' >Fiji<\/option><option value='Finland' >Finland<\/option><option value='France' >France<\/option><option value='French Guiana' >French Guiana<\/option><option value='French Polynesia' >French Polynesia<\/option><option value='French Southern Territories' >French Southern Territories<\/option><option value='Gabon' >Gabon<\/option><option value='Gambia' >Gambia<\/option><option value='Georgia' >Georgia<\/option><option value='Germany' >Germany<\/option><option value='Ghana' >Ghana<\/option><option value='Gibraltar' >Gibraltar<\/option><option value='Greece' >Greece<\/option><option value='Greenland' >Greenland<\/option><option value='Grenada' >Grenada<\/option><option value='Guadeloupe' >Guadeloupe<\/option><option value='Guam' >Guam<\/option><option value='Guatemala' >Guatemala<\/option><option value='Guernsey' >Guernsey<\/option><option value='Guinea' >Guinea<\/option><option value='Guinea-Bissau' >Guinea-Bissau<\/option><option value='Guyana' >Guyana<\/option><option value='Haiti' >Haiti<\/option><option value='Heard Island and McDonald Islands' >Heard Island and McDonald Islands<\/option><option value='Holy See' >Holy See<\/option><option value='Honduras' >Honduras<\/option><option value='Hong Kong' >Hong Kong<\/option><option value='Hungary' >Hungary<\/option><option value='Iceland' >Iceland<\/option><option value='India' >India<\/option><option value='Indonesia' >Indonesia<\/option><option value='Iran' >Iran<\/option><option value='Iraq' >Iraq<\/option><option value='Ireland' >Ireland<\/option><option value='Isle of Man' >Isle of Man<\/option><option value='Israel' >Israel<\/option><option value='Italy' >Italy<\/option><option value='Jamaica' >Jamaica<\/option><option value='Japan' >Japan<\/option><option value='Jersey' >Jersey<\/option><option value='Jordan' >Jordan<\/option><option value='Kazakhstan' >Kazakhstan<\/option><option value='Kenya' >Kenya<\/option><option value='Kiribati' >Kiribati<\/option><option value='Korea, Democratic People&#039;s Republic of' >Korea, Democratic People&#039;s Republic of<\/option><option value='Korea, Republic of' >Korea, Republic of<\/option><option value='Kuwait' >Kuwait<\/option><option value='Kyrgyzstan' >Kyrgyzstan<\/option><option value='Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic' >Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic<\/option><option value='Latvia' >Latvia<\/option><option value='Lebanon' >Lebanon<\/option><option value='Lesotho' >Lesotho<\/option><option value='Liberia' >Liberia<\/option><option value='Libya' >Libya<\/option><option value='Liechtenstein' >Liechtenstein<\/option><option value='Lithuania' >Lithuania<\/option><option value='Luxembourg' >Luxembourg<\/option><option value='Macao' >Macao<\/option><option value='Madagascar' >Madagascar<\/option><option value='Malawi' >Malawi<\/option><option value='Malaysia' >Malaysia<\/option><option value='Maldives' >Maldives<\/option><option value='Mali' >Mali<\/option><option value='Malta' >Malta<\/option><option value='Marshall Islands' >Marshall Islands<\/option><option value='Martinique' >Martinique<\/option><option value='Mauritania' >Mauritania<\/option><option value='Mauritius' >Mauritius<\/option><option value='Mayotte' >Mayotte<\/option><option value='Mexico' >Mexico<\/option><option value='Micronesia' >Micronesia<\/option><option value='Moldova' >Moldova<\/option><option value='Monaco' >Monaco<\/option><option value='Mongolia' >Mongolia<\/option><option value='Montenegro' >Montenegro<\/option><option value='Montserrat' >Montserrat<\/option><option value='Morocco' >Morocco<\/option><option value='Mozambique' >Mozambique<\/option><option value='Myanmar' >Myanmar<\/option><option value='Namibia' >Namibia<\/option><option value='Nauru' >Nauru<\/option><option value='Nepal' >Nepal<\/option><option value='Netherlands' >Netherlands<\/option><option value='New Caledonia' >New Caledonia<\/option><option value='New Zealand' >New Zealand<\/option><option value='Nicaragua' >Nicaragua<\/option><option value='Niger' >Niger<\/option><option value='Nigeria' >Nigeria<\/option><option value='Niue' >Niue<\/option><option value='Norfolk Island' >Norfolk Island<\/option><option value='North Macedonia' >North Macedonia<\/option><option value='Northern Mariana Islands' >Northern Mariana Islands<\/option><option value='Norway' >Norway<\/option><option value='Oman' >Oman<\/option><option value='Pakistan' >Pakistan<\/option><option value='Palau' >Palau<\/option><option value='Palestine, State of' >Palestine, State of<\/option><option value='Panama' >Panama<\/option><option value='Papua New Guinea' >Papua New Guinea<\/option><option value='Paraguay' >Paraguay<\/option><option value='Peru' >Peru<\/option><option value='Philippines' >Philippines<\/option><option value='Pitcairn' >Pitcairn<\/option><option value='Poland' >Poland<\/option><option value='Portugal' >Portugal<\/option><option value='Puerto Rico' >Puerto Rico<\/option><option value='Qatar' >Qatar<\/option><option value='Romania' >Romania<\/option><option value='Russian Federation' >Russian Federation<\/option><option value='Rwanda' >Rwanda<\/option><option value='R\u00e9union' >R\u00e9union<\/option><option value='Saint Barth\u00e9lemy' >Saint Barth\u00e9lemy<\/option><option value='Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha' >Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha<\/option><option value='Saint Kitts and Nevis' >Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/option><option value='Saint Lucia' >Saint Lucia<\/option><option value='Saint Martin' >Saint Martin<\/option><option value='Saint Pierre and Miquelon' >Saint Pierre and Miquelon<\/option><option value='Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' >Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<\/option><option value='Samoa' >Samoa<\/option><option value='San Marino' >San Marino<\/option><option value='Sao Tome and Principe' >Sao Tome and Principe<\/option><option value='Saudi Arabia' >Saudi Arabia<\/option><option value='Senegal' >Senegal<\/option><option value='Serbia' >Serbia<\/option><option value='Seychelles' >Seychelles<\/option><option value='Sierra Leone' >Sierra Leone<\/option><option value='Singapore' >Singapore<\/option><option value='Sint Maarten' >Sint Maarten<\/option><option value='Slovakia' >Slovakia<\/option><option value='Slovenia' >Slovenia<\/option><option value='Solomon Islands' >Solomon Islands<\/option><option value='Somalia' >Somalia<\/option><option value='South Africa' >South Africa<\/option><option value='South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands' >South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands<\/option><option value='South Sudan' >South Sudan<\/option><option value='Spain' >Spain<\/option><option value='Sri Lanka' >Sri Lanka<\/option><option value='Sudan' >Sudan<\/option><option value='Suriname' >Suriname<\/option><option value='Svalbard and Jan Mayen' >Svalbard and Jan Mayen<\/option><option value='Sweden' >Sweden<\/option><option value='Switzerland' >Switzerland<\/option><option value='Syria Arab Republic' >Syria Arab Republic<\/option><option value='Taiwan' >Taiwan<\/option><option value='Tajikistan' >Tajikistan<\/option><option value='Tanzania, the United Republic of' >Tanzania, the United Republic of<\/option><option value='Thailand' >Thailand<\/option><option value='Timor-Leste' >Timor-Leste<\/option><option value='Togo' 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