{"id":554871,"date":"2025-10-02T10:21:08","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T14:21:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/?p=554871"},"modified":"2025-10-05T21:07:51","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T01:07:51","slug":"space-security-threats-and-rapid-innovation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/space-security-threats-and-rapid-innovation\/","title":{"rendered":"Space security, threats and rapid innovation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Space Security, Threats and Rapid Innovation\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/12y4vBp_MwU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this week\u2019s episode of <em>Space Minds<\/em>, host David Ariosto speaks with Steve Kitay\u2014 former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy, former head of Microsoft\u2019s space initiatives, and now Senior Vice President for Space Defense at True Anomaly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The conversations takes us inside a rapidly shifting orbital landscape, where national security, commercial innovation, and geopolitical competition collide. From China\u2019s accelerating satellite programs to the race for real-time space situational awareness, we explore how companies like True Anomaly are building the tools to protect U.S. interests and maintain deterrence in a new era of space as a warfighting domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-show-notes-and-transcript\">Show notes and transcript<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><br>Click here for Notes and Transcript<\/summary>\n<p><strong>Time Markers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>00:00 &#8211; Episode introduction<br>00:22 &#8211; Welcome<br>01:19 &#8211; Career transition<br>02:31 &#8211; The Warfighting domain<br>05:39 &#8211; Commercial and military intersection<br>08:18 &#8211; Jackal spacecraft<br>10:51 &#8211; Speed, autonomy and threat response<br>14:03 &#8211; Public-Private Partnership<br>17:39 &#8211; Drivers of change<br>20:29 &#8211; Long-Term deterrence<br>25:19 &#8211; Risk of an arms race<br>27:20 &#8211; Concerns and opportunities<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Transcript \u2013 True Anomaly Conversation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This transcript has been edited-for-clarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Ariosto \u2014<\/strong> Steve Kitay, former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy, then you went on to Microsoft, and now you&#8217;re Senior Vice President of Space Defense at True Anomaly. It&#8217;s a pleasure to have you on the pod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steve Kitay \u2014<\/strong> David, thank you so much for having me here. Excited for the conversation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Ariosto \u2014<\/strong> I am too, and I really wanted to talk to you because I think your background really speaks to the nature of where the space industry is going. You have policy perspective, you have defense perspective, you\u2019ve got tech perspective in Silicon Valley, and now you\u2019re at True Anomaly \u2014 a relatively new space startup at the intersection of space defense, situational awareness, growing startups, and venture capital. First, what drew you into the private sector after this long career at the Pentagon and elsewhere?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steve Kitay \u2014<\/strong> I\u2019ve been really fortunate in my career. I feel like it was a lot of luck and timing and a lot of great people that I got to work with. I could have never planned out this path, but it\u2019s been an exciting one. I spent 18 years in government \u2014 starting on active duty in the military and then eventually serving as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Space Policy in the Pentagon. In 2020, I left and went into industry because I wanted to build and create capabilities that serve our nation and support our warfighters. Technology is advancing so much that I wanted to get out there, get my hands dirty, and really create those capabilities for the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Ariosto \u2014<\/strong> The nature of space as a warfighting domain feels very different than it used to be. How has your perspective on space security evolved since your time at the Department of Defense?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steve Kitay \u2014<\/strong> One of the common misconceptions is when people say, \u201cSpace is getting militarized now.\u201d Space has been militarized since the very beginning. The launch of Sputnik in 1957 was done by the Soviets; we quickly responded with Explorer in 1958, which was a U.S. Army program. So the military\u2019s been involved in space since the start \u2014 for communications, reconnaissance, and supporting our nation. Over the years, space became more integral to warfare. And in the past ten years, it\u2019s truly become a warfighting domain \u2014 not just providing services to troops but a domain in its own right. China and Russia recognized how important space is and started developing weapon systems, so we\u2019ve had to ensure we can protect and defend our interests and, if necessary, deny adversaries the use of space when hostile to our interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Ariosto \u2014<\/strong> Ukraine gave us a real-time look at the nexus of commercial and public space \u2014 with Starlink playing a key role. And now we\u2019re seeing more \u201corbit policing.\u201d How does True Anomaly fit into that?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steve Kitay \u2014<\/strong> The first step in protecting and defending interests in space is understanding what\u2019s happening there and the threats we face. Historically, we\u2019ve done that with ground-based sensors \u2014 telescopes, radars. We\u2019ll still need those, but we also need capabilities in space that can characterize what\u2019s happening on orbit more deeply. That\u2019s where True Anomaly fits in. We\u2019re a space superiority company building defense technologies to protect and defend our interests in, from, and through space. Our Jackal spacecraft is our first product \u2014 a satellite system designed for rendezvous and proximity operations. It\u2019s about safely approaching and characterizing other spacecraft to understand what\u2019s going on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Ariosto \u2014<\/strong> These operations must be incredibly fast, especially with new hypersonic and autonomous systems. How are you addressing the latency and real-time decision-making challenge?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steve Kitay \u2014<\/strong> Speed and autonomy are critical. Jackal is tied to our second product, Mosaic \u2014 the ground software that commands and controls our spacecraft and also does battle management. It\u2019s not just control; it\u2019s planning, preparing, and executing operations, with autonomy as the key. We need to respond on operationally relevant timelines \u2014 hours or minutes, not days or weeks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Ariosto \u2014<\/strong> We\u2019re also seeing more war gaming, digital twins, and predictive analytics. How is this public-private partnership shaping the defense market in space?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steve Kitay \u2014<\/strong> We\u2019re at a unique moment. Over the past decade, billions flowed into commercial space \u2014 communications, sensors, etc. The new step happening now is the rise of \u201cdefense product.\u201d By that I mean technology built specifically for military needs. You don\u2019t send soldiers into battle with a Toyota Camry; you give them tanks. Similarly, the Air Force needs fighter aircraft, and now we\u2019re building the equivalent for space. This requires deep public-private collaboration. Government defines the mission needs; companies like True Anomaly build and field the capabilities quickly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Ariosto \u2014<\/strong> What\u2019s driving this acceleration \u2014 is it mostly threats or also funding and policy shifts?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steve Kitay \u2014<\/strong> Two things: the threat and the pace of acquisition. China\u2019s been investing rapidly in defense capabilities and has launched about a thousand satellites in the past ten years. They\u2019re accelerating to contest us. Meanwhile, our acquisition system isn\u2019t moving fast enough to get innovation into the hands of warfighters. Private investment is helping close that gap so we can maintain deterrence and technological superiority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Ariosto \u2014<\/strong> Looking decades ahead \u2014 2030, 2035, even 2050 \u2014 what do you think the future of space deterrence and competition looks like?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steve Kitay \u2014<\/strong> More activity, more competition, and a blend of commercial, military, and exploration efforts. There will be larger constellations, faster, more autonomous systems, and more contested space. The goal is deterrence \u2014 keeping peace by showing strength and readiness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Ariosto \u2014<\/strong> Some argue that putting more space-based interceptors up there risks fueling an arms race. What\u2019s your take?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steve Kitay \u2014<\/strong> The arms race is already happening. China and Russia are developing advanced missile and space weapon systems. Pretending otherwise won\u2019t make space safer. Deterrence through strength is essential \u2014 we have to be able to defend our assets and deny hostile actions if needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>David Ariosto \u2014<\/strong> Last question \u2014 what keeps you up at night, and where\u2019s the biggest opportunity for True Anomaly?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Steve Kitay \u2014<\/strong> What worries me is whether the broader public realizes we\u2019re in a \u201cSputnik moment.\u201d Defense leaders see the threat and are pushing to move faster, but bureaucracy can slow progress. The opportunity is speed and partnership \u2014 aligning innovative private companies with military leaders to deploy cutting-edge capabilities quickly and keep space safe and stable.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-about-space-minds\">About Space Minds<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Space Minds is a new audio and video podcast from SpaceNews that focuses on the inspiring leaders, technologies and exciting opportunities in space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The weekly podcast features compelling interviews with scientists, founders and experts who love to talk about space, covers the news that has enthusiasts daydreaming, and engages with listeners. Join David Ariosto, Mike Gruss and journalists from the SpaceNews team for new episodes every Thursday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watch a new episode every Thursday on&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/spacenews.com\/\">SpaceNews.com<\/a>&nbsp;and on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@SpaceNewsInc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">YouTube<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/2EelNYh8QiOM3AuP68nYAr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Spotify<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/au\/channel\/spacenews\/id6744940687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Apple<\/a> channels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Be the first to know when new episodes drop! Enter your email, and we\u2019ll make sure you get exclusive access to each episode as soon as it goes live!<\/p>\n\n\n<script>\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 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gfield--type-email gfield--input-type-email gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_1'>Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_1' id='input_54_1' type='email' value='' class='medium'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"  \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_54_4\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_4'>Company<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required 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gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_14'>Phone<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_phone'><input name='input_14' id='input_54_14' type='tel' value='' class='large'    aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_54_12\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_12'>State<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_12' id='input_54_12' type='text' value='' class='medium'  aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_54_12\"   aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_54_12'>State \/ Province \/ Region<\/div><\/div><fieldset id=\"field_54_10\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-address gfield--input-type-address gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Country<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/legend>    \n                    <div class='ginput_complex ginput_container has_country ginput_container_address gform-grid-row' id='input_54_10' >\n                        <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='input_10.4' id='input_54_10_4' value=''\/><span class='ginput_left address_country ginput_address_country gform-grid-col' id='input_54_10_6_container' >\n                                        <select name='input_10.6' id='input_54_10_6'   aria-required='true'    ><option value='' selected='selected'><\/option><option value='Afghanistan' >Afghanistan<\/option><option value='Albania' >Albania<\/option><option value='Algeria' >Algeria<\/option><option value='American Samoa' >American Samoa<\/option><option value='Andorra' >Andorra<\/option><option value='Angola' >Angola<\/option><option value='Anguilla' >Anguilla<\/option><option value='Antarctica' >Antarctica<\/option><option value='Antigua and Barbuda' >Antigua and Barbuda<\/option><option value='Argentina' >Argentina<\/option><option value='Armenia' >Armenia<\/option><option value='Aruba' >Aruba<\/option><option value='Australia' >Australia<\/option><option value='Austria' >Austria<\/option><option value='Azerbaijan' >Azerbaijan<\/option><option value='Bahamas' >Bahamas<\/option><option value='Bahrain' >Bahrain<\/option><option value='Bangladesh' >Bangladesh<\/option><option value='Barbados' >Barbados<\/option><option value='Belarus' >Belarus<\/option><option value='Belgium' >Belgium<\/option><option value='Belize' >Belize<\/option><option value='Benin' >Benin<\/option><option value='Bermuda' >Bermuda<\/option><option value='Bhutan' >Bhutan<\/option><option value='Bolivia' >Bolivia<\/option><option value='Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba' >Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba<\/option><option value='Bosnia and Herzegovina' >Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/option><option value='Botswana' >Botswana<\/option><option value='Bouvet Island' >Bouvet Island<\/option><option value='Brazil' >Brazil<\/option><option value='British Indian Ocean Territory' >British Indian Ocean Territory<\/option><option value='Brunei Darussalam' >Brunei Darussalam<\/option><option value='Bulgaria' >Bulgaria<\/option><option value='Burkina Faso' >Burkina Faso<\/option><option value='Burundi' >Burundi<\/option><option value='Cabo Verde' >Cabo Verde<\/option><option value='Cambodia' >Cambodia<\/option><option value='Cameroon' >Cameroon<\/option><option value='Canada' >Canada<\/option><option value='Cayman Islands' >Cayman Islands<\/option><option value='Central African Republic' >Central African Republic<\/option><option value='Chad' >Chad<\/option><option value='Chile' >Chile<\/option><option value='China' >China<\/option><option value='Christmas Island' >Christmas Island<\/option><option value='Cocos Islands' >Cocos Islands<\/option><option value='Colombia' >Colombia<\/option><option value='Comoros' >Comoros<\/option><option value='Congo' >Congo<\/option><option value='Congo, Democratic Republic of the' >Congo, Democratic Republic of the<\/option><option value='Cook Islands' >Cook Islands<\/option><option value='Costa Rica' >Costa Rica<\/option><option value='Croatia' >Croatia<\/option><option value='Cuba' >Cuba<\/option><option value='Cura\u00e7ao' >Cura\u00e7ao<\/option><option value='Cyprus' >Cyprus<\/option><option value='Czechia' >Czechia<\/option><option value='C\u00f4te d&#039;Ivoire' >C\u00f4te d&#039;Ivoire<\/option><option value='Denmark' >Denmark<\/option><option value='Djibouti' >Djibouti<\/option><option value='Dominica' >Dominica<\/option><option value='Dominican Republic' >Dominican Republic<\/option><option value='Ecuador' >Ecuador<\/option><option value='Egypt' >Egypt<\/option><option value='El Salvador' >El Salvador<\/option><option value='Equatorial Guinea' >Equatorial Guinea<\/option><option value='Eritrea' >Eritrea<\/option><option value='Estonia' >Estonia<\/option><option value='Eswatini' >Eswatini<\/option><option value='Ethiopia' >Ethiopia<\/option><option value='Falkland Islands' >Falkland Islands<\/option><option value='Faroe Islands' >Faroe Islands<\/option><option value='Fiji' >Fiji<\/option><option value='Finland' >Finland<\/option><option value='France' >France<\/option><option value='French Guiana' >French Guiana<\/option><option value='French Polynesia' >French Polynesia<\/option><option value='French Southern Territories' >French Southern Territories<\/option><option value='Gabon' >Gabon<\/option><option value='Gambia' >Gambia<\/option><option value='Georgia' >Georgia<\/option><option value='Germany' >Germany<\/option><option value='Ghana' >Ghana<\/option><option value='Gibraltar' >Gibraltar<\/option><option value='Greece' >Greece<\/option><option value='Greenland' >Greenland<\/option><option value='Grenada' >Grenada<\/option><option value='Guadeloupe' >Guadeloupe<\/option><option value='Guam' >Guam<\/option><option value='Guatemala' >Guatemala<\/option><option value='Guernsey' >Guernsey<\/option><option value='Guinea' >Guinea<\/option><option value='Guinea-Bissau' >Guinea-Bissau<\/option><option value='Guyana' >Guyana<\/option><option value='Haiti' >Haiti<\/option><option value='Heard Island and McDonald Islands' >Heard Island and McDonald Islands<\/option><option value='Holy See' >Holy See<\/option><option value='Honduras' >Honduras<\/option><option value='Hong Kong' >Hong Kong<\/option><option value='Hungary' >Hungary<\/option><option value='Iceland' >Iceland<\/option><option value='India' >India<\/option><option value='Indonesia' >Indonesia<\/option><option value='Iran' >Iran<\/option><option value='Iraq' >Iraq<\/option><option value='Ireland' >Ireland<\/option><option value='Isle of Man' >Isle of Man<\/option><option value='Israel' >Israel<\/option><option value='Italy' >Italy<\/option><option value='Jamaica' >Jamaica<\/option><option value='Japan' >Japan<\/option><option value='Jersey' >Jersey<\/option><option value='Jordan' >Jordan<\/option><option value='Kazakhstan' >Kazakhstan<\/option><option value='Kenya' >Kenya<\/option><option value='Kiribati' >Kiribati<\/option><option value='Korea, Democratic People&#039;s Republic of' >Korea, Democratic People&#039;s Republic of<\/option><option value='Korea, Republic of' >Korea, Republic of<\/option><option value='Kuwait' >Kuwait<\/option><option value='Kyrgyzstan' >Kyrgyzstan<\/option><option value='Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic' >Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic<\/option><option value='Latvia' >Latvia<\/option><option value='Lebanon' >Lebanon<\/option><option value='Lesotho' >Lesotho<\/option><option value='Liberia' >Liberia<\/option><option value='Libya' >Libya<\/option><option value='Liechtenstein' >Liechtenstein<\/option><option value='Lithuania' >Lithuania<\/option><option value='Luxembourg' >Luxembourg<\/option><option value='Macao' >Macao<\/option><option value='Madagascar' >Madagascar<\/option><option value='Malawi' >Malawi<\/option><option value='Malaysia' >Malaysia<\/option><option value='Maldives' >Maldives<\/option><option value='Mali' >Mali<\/option><option value='Malta' >Malta<\/option><option value='Marshall Islands' >Marshall Islands<\/option><option value='Martinique' >Martinique<\/option><option value='Mauritania' >Mauritania<\/option><option value='Mauritius' >Mauritius<\/option><option value='Mayotte' >Mayotte<\/option><option value='Mexico' >Mexico<\/option><option value='Micronesia' >Micronesia<\/option><option value='Moldova' >Moldova<\/option><option value='Monaco' >Monaco<\/option><option value='Mongolia' >Mongolia<\/option><option value='Montenegro' >Montenegro<\/option><option value='Montserrat' >Montserrat<\/option><option value='Morocco' >Morocco<\/option><option value='Mozambique' >Mozambique<\/option><option value='Myanmar' >Myanmar<\/option><option value='Namibia' >Namibia<\/option><option value='Nauru' >Nauru<\/option><option value='Nepal' >Nepal<\/option><option value='Netherlands' >Netherlands<\/option><option value='New Caledonia' >New Caledonia<\/option><option value='New Zealand' >New Zealand<\/option><option value='Nicaragua' >Nicaragua<\/option><option value='Niger' >Niger<\/option><option value='Nigeria' >Nigeria<\/option><option value='Niue' >Niue<\/option><option value='Norfolk Island' >Norfolk Island<\/option><option value='North Macedonia' >North Macedonia<\/option><option value='Northern Mariana Islands' >Northern Mariana Islands<\/option><option value='Norway' >Norway<\/option><option value='Oman' >Oman<\/option><option value='Pakistan' >Pakistan<\/option><option value='Palau' >Palau<\/option><option value='Palestine, State of' >Palestine, State of<\/option><option value='Panama' >Panama<\/option><option value='Papua New Guinea' >Papua New Guinea<\/option><option value='Paraguay' >Paraguay<\/option><option value='Peru' >Peru<\/option><option value='Philippines' >Philippines<\/option><option value='Pitcairn' >Pitcairn<\/option><option value='Poland' >Poland<\/option><option value='Portugal' >Portugal<\/option><option value='Puerto Rico' >Puerto Rico<\/option><option value='Qatar' >Qatar<\/option><option value='Romania' >Romania<\/option><option value='Russian Federation' >Russian Federation<\/option><option value='Rwanda' >Rwanda<\/option><option value='R\u00e9union' >R\u00e9union<\/option><option value='Saint Barth\u00e9lemy' >Saint Barth\u00e9lemy<\/option><option value='Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha' >Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha<\/option><option value='Saint Kitts and Nevis' >Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/option><option value='Saint Lucia' >Saint Lucia<\/option><option value='Saint Martin' >Saint Martin<\/option><option value='Saint Pierre and Miquelon' >Saint Pierre and Miquelon<\/option><option value='Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' >Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<\/option><option value='Samoa' >Samoa<\/option><option value='San Marino' >San Marino<\/option><option value='Sao Tome and Principe' >Sao Tome and Principe<\/option><option value='Saudi Arabia' >Saudi Arabia<\/option><option value='Senegal' >Senegal<\/option><option value='Serbia' >Serbia<\/option><option value='Seychelles' >Seychelles<\/option><option value='Sierra Leone' >Sierra Leone<\/option><option value='Singapore' >Singapore<\/option><option value='Sint Maarten' >Sint Maarten<\/option><option value='Slovakia' >Slovakia<\/option><option value='Slovenia' >Slovenia<\/option><option value='Solomon Islands' >Solomon Islands<\/option><option value='Somalia' >Somalia<\/option><option value='South Africa' >South Africa<\/option><option value='South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands' >South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands<\/option><option value='South Sudan' >South Sudan<\/option><option value='Spain' >Spain<\/option><option value='Sri Lanka' >Sri Lanka<\/option><option value='Sudan' >Sudan<\/option><option value='Suriname' >Suriname<\/option><option value='Svalbard and Jan Mayen' >Svalbard and Jan Mayen<\/option><option value='Sweden' >Sweden<\/option><option value='Switzerland' >Switzerland<\/option><option value='Syria Arab Republic' >Syria Arab Republic<\/option><option value='Taiwan' >Taiwan<\/option><option value='Tajikistan' >Tajikistan<\/option><option value='Tanzania, the United Republic of' >Tanzania, the United Republic of<\/option><option value='Thailand' >Thailand<\/option><option value='Timor-Leste' >Timor-Leste<\/option><option value='Togo' >Togo<\/option><option value='Tokelau' >Tokelau<\/option><option value='Tonga' >Tonga<\/option><option value='Trinidad and Tobago' >Trinidad and Tobago<\/option><option value='Tunisia' >Tunisia<\/option><option value='Turkmenistan' >Turkmenistan<\/option><option value='Turks and Caicos Islands' >Turks and Caicos Islands<\/option><option value='Tuvalu' >Tuvalu<\/option><option value='T\u00fcrkiye' >T\u00fcrkiye<\/option><option value='US Minor Outlying Islands' >US Minor Outlying Islands<\/option><option value='Uganda' >Uganda<\/option><option value='Ukraine' >Ukraine<\/option><option value='United Arab Emirates' >United Arab Emirates<\/option><option value='United Kingdom' >United Kingdom<\/option><option value='United States' >United States<\/option><option value='Uruguay' >Uruguay<\/option><option value='Uzbekistan' >Uzbekistan<\/option><option value='Vanuatu' >Vanuatu<\/option><option value='Venezuela' >Venezuela<\/option><option value='Viet Nam' >Viet Nam<\/option><option 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