{"id":553449,"date":"2025-09-25T10:04:05","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T14:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/?p=553449"},"modified":"2025-11-14T15:01:58","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T20:01:58","slug":"inside-ispace-europe-and-the-race-to-explore-the-moon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spacenews.com\/inside-ispace-europe-and-the-race-to-explore-the-moon\/","title":{"rendered":"Inside ispace Europe and the race to explore the moon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Inside ispace Europe and the race to explore the moon\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/g19igHcXllU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this week&#8217;s episode of <em>Space Minds<\/em> SpaceNews editor Mike Gruss talks with Julien Lamamy, CEO of ispace Europe from the World Space Business Week in Paris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Julien shares how the company is developing cost-efficient lunar exploration \u2014 from testing and launching its first rover to preparing MAGPIE, a groundbreaking European mission to study hydrogen on the Moon. We discuss how \u201cnew space\u201d approaches are reshaping exploration, Europe\u2019s emerging lunar economy, and why Luxembourg is fast becoming a global space hub. Listen in for a deep dive into the future of lunar mobility and resource discovery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">sponsored by<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blacksky.com\/gen-3\/?utm_source=spcnws&amp;utm_campaign=g3\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"171\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spacenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/blacksky_logo_800_black-yellow.png?resize=800%2C171&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-519126\" style=\"width:212px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spacenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/blacksky_logo_800_black-yellow.png?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spacenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/blacksky_logo_800_black-yellow.png?resize=300%2C64&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spacenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/blacksky_logo_800_black-yellow.png?resize=768%2C164&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spacenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/blacksky_logo_800_black-yellow.png?resize=780%2C167&amp;ssl=1 780w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spacenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/blacksky_logo_800_black-yellow.png?resize=400%2C86&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spacenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/blacksky_logo_800_black-yellow.png?resize=706%2C151&amp;ssl=1 706w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/spacenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/blacksky_logo_800_black-yellow.png?w=370&amp;ssl=1 370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-show-notes-and-transcript\">Show notes and transcript<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><br>Click here for Notes and Transcript<\/summary>\n<p><strong>Time Markers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>00:00 &#8211; Episode introduction<br>00:27 &#8211; Welcome<br>00:44 &#8211; ispace Europe focus<br>02:32 &#8211; Rover lessons learned<br>04:16 &#8211; Their approach<br>05:15 &#8211; What is MAGPIE?<br>07:46 &#8211; Latest MAGPIE milestone<br>08:25 &#8211; Managing partnerships<br>11:40 &#8211; The lunar economy<br>13:53 &#8211; Luxembourg as a space hub<br>15:49 &#8211; Looking ahead 1 year<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Transcript \u2013 Julien Lamamy Conversation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This transcript has been edited-for-clarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mike Gruss<\/strong> \u2014 Hello and welcome to the <em>Space Minds<\/em> podcast. I\u2019m Mike Gruss with SpaceNews, and I\u2019m joined today by Julien Lamamy, the Managing Director of ispace Europe. Julien, thanks so much for joining us. We\u2019re recording here in Paris at World Space Business Week. I wanted to start by talking about ispace Europe. Tell me a little bit about what you all are working on. You are a subsidiary of ispace, but tell me what your particular focus is and what\u2019s working at the company there right now.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Julien Lamamy<\/strong> \u2014 Thank you, Mike, happy to be in Paris, my hometown. So ispace Europe \u2014 we turned eight this year. ispace just turned fifteen. And the cool thing about ispace Europe is when it was opened. So in 2017 ispace was only about maybe twenty people. So very early on, ispace, the crew in Tokyo, already wanted to have a global presence in the US, in Europe and, of course, in Japan. And last year was the first big concrete milestone for ispace Europe in terms of establishing a track record. We built, tested, went through the whole VMV campaign for our first green rover, and then it flew on the mission to buy space. We did several checkouts in cruise to validate that rover actually did work. But, you know, as you know, only could go so far. So that\u2019s our big achievement in the past twelve months, and it also is the example of our focus in terms of technology product development. It\u2019s everything about surface mobility. So the rover is to deploy payloads or to acquire data, to explore, maybe to establish new communication networks on the surface and so on and so on. And then, of course, we\u2019re in Europe, and in Luxembourg specifically, to see who in Europe could use our services of transportation and service exploration, and next, also take communications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mike Gruss<\/strong> \u2014 You brought up the rover. Let\u2019s start there. I was going to bring that up later, but let\u2019s go right to it. What were some of the lessons learned there, where there were a series of successes, maybe not the ultimate, not the ultimate, I guess, response that you want, but tell me about what was learned and what you walked with saying, like, \u201cHey, here\u2019s what we know that works.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Julien Lamamy<\/strong> \u2014 Yes. So what I say is the most important thing we know that works is, you know, we do a lot of cutting corners compared to what maybe NASA will do, or ESA will do, in terms of developing a rover, because that\u2019s what ispace is about. But we\u2019re here to show the best way to do things \u2014 speed, efficiency, cost, schedule. So we made our best judgment for which corners could be cut, and the fact that this rover worked in space over maybe a dozen checkouts \u2014 we also took pictures. So we really tested as much as we could for that rover still attached to the lander. That validates a very large share of those corner-cutting activities. So we know that those processes we established can be used now for our next rovers. That\u2019s the biggest validation we get from the launch. Obviously, it\u2019s also a track record. And I think having launched it, and having built that rover, tested it, launched it, operated it \u2014 we now have more credibility. These are the space agencies, but also private customers, and I think we\u2019ll talk about MAGPIE in a few minutes. That\u2019s also an example of building upon this first success.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mike Gruss<\/strong> \u2014 Can you talk about, or give an example of some of that corner cutting and what, maybe how others could learn to land, or where, you know, how, what? How is it different if a European Space Agency or someone else was developing that? Is it time? Is it size? Is it weight?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Julien Lamamy<\/strong> \u2014 Definitely documentation. Yeah, there\u2019s a lot of corners cut in terms of, you know, spending time with documenting as opposed to doing, and a lot of prototyping and cheap testing as opposed to analysis. I would say I used to be an engineer, so I\u2019m now too remote to actually go into more into the details and tell exactly where those corners got cut, but I can tell you it\u2019s a world of difference from the programs I used to work at NASA in terms of documentation and heaviness of the test compared to what we did.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mike Gruss<\/strong> \u2014 Yeah, you brought up MAGPIE, but let\u2019s, let\u2019s talk about that. So first tell us, tell us what that is and yeah, how that fits into the portfolio there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Julien Lamamy<\/strong> \u2014 MAGPIE is basically the result of looking at what Europe has today in terms of instruments that could be used for fully exploration. Right away, when I joined ispace to kickstart the R&amp;D department of ispace Europe, I surveyed what instruments are out there. A lot of them had flight heritage, for example, these kind of things. And the goal has been to, can we answer the key question about the Moon, which is this hydrogen that we\u2019re seeing from remote sensing \u2014 is it H\u2082O, is it OH, is it something else? And can we do this as effectively, as cheaply as possible? MAGPIE is a result of that surveying of instruments and trying to answer one key question. We\u2019re not trying to do the Mars Exploration Rovers or Curiosity or Perseverance. We\u2019re trying to be as small as possible. And so it\u2019s about a 30-kilogram rover with a radar to understand the subsurface geological context, a neutron spectrometer to know where your hydrogen is \u2014 so it\u2019s like a metal detector, but for hydrogen \u2014 and then a very shallow drill and mass spectrometer that will answer the question about what form hydrogen is in. Possibly the first European mission to explore the lunar surface. ESA and other countries in Europe have had payloads launching on landers, but never really exploring the surface. So this could be the first one, and for us, it\u2019s demonstrating we can go to the next level of service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mike Gruss<\/strong> \u2014 Next step here. What are the latest milestones for MAGPIE?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Julien Lamamy<\/strong> \u2014 We passed two reviews. We completed the pre-phase A, we\u2019re halfway also through the next phase. And the next big gate is the ministerial council, which will happen in November. So early next year, European Space Agency gets their budget approved, and MAGPIE is one of those budget lines. So we\u2019re hoping that the momentum carries us through, and then we\u2019re launching in the late 2020s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mike Gruss<\/strong> \u2014 There\u2019s a lot of partners on that program. Partnerships in Europe are very important, but talk to me about working across that diverse group of agencies, science agencies and countries, and how that could work. And is there something to be learned there from how space in Europe works in the future?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Julien Lamamy<\/strong> \u2014 Europe can be confusing to have national space agencies and then the European Space Agency. I came to ispace shortly after sixteen years in the US, so I also had to learn how things work. But ESA right now, and the new director of exploration, really has a strong vision for how ESA can explore the Moon and other planets, and in doing so, also develop new capabilities and new ways of approaching exploration. MAGPIE would be the first mission under a small mission program similar to NASA\u2019s SMEX program, and that\u2019s very new for ESA. And as I mentioned, for MAGPIE, we defined the objectives. It\u2019s really a mission service delivery to ESA. ESA didn\u2019t say what they wanted; we offered the mission end-to-end, turnkey, and they were interested. That\u2019s very new for ESA. We\u2019re also hoping MAGPIE could launch on an ispace Japanese lander with collaboration from JAXA, the Japanese Space Agency. So not only are we pushing boundaries in terms of using new space methods for mission-as-a-service, but we\u2019re doing it in a more traditional framework of international collaborations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mike Gruss<\/strong> \u2014 Can we talk a little bit about the lunar economy? That\u2019s something that\u2019s gotten a lot more attention in the last couple of years. How do you see that evolving, and if we were to talk in five years, how might that look and how might this economy affect the work you\u2019re doing?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Julien Lamamy<\/strong> \u2014 We were talking about having the perspective of history a few minutes ago. When I joined ispace eight years ago to today, it\u2019s a world of difference in terms of engagement \u2014 not only of agencies. Eight years ago, the OPTIMIS program didn\u2019t exist. Now we have an OPTIMIS program. There\u2019s a very strong momentum worldwide. It also extends to private companies, not only startups and ventures but also established companies. On the Tenacious mission, we launched a shovel we were going to use to collect regolith for NASA that was developed by a mining equipment company \u2014 they\u2019d been around for 100 years and had no space involvement before we talked to them. So yes, it\u2019s still developing, but the trend and momentum are strong. Business models from launch and telecom translate really well to the Moon \u2014 things like transport vehicles, power, and new resource-based industries. There\u2019s even growing interest in helium-3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mike Gruss<\/strong> \u2014 You\u2019re based in Luxembourg. Talk to us a little bit about Luxembourg as a space hub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Julien Lamamy<\/strong> \u2014 Luxembourg has a good track record in space. They established SES as a top operator. And based on that success, in 2016 the Deputy Prime Minister decided to launch a big Space Resources initiative. Back then, space resources were fringe and esoteric, even within the space industry. That was a bold move by Luxembourg \u2014 the first country in Europe to attract space resources companies and new space players. Now there are over seventy companies in Luxembourg. It\u2019s a strong ecosystem with a good mix of space sectors. My hope for Luxembourg over the next five years is that companies start interconnecting more and building an even stronger network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mike Gruss<\/strong> \u2014 If we were to chat in a year, where do you expect ispace Europe might be? What accomplishments are you hoping for?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Julien Lamamy<\/strong> \u2014 The ESA ministerial council will dictate a lot \u2014 its decisions could shape Europe\u2019s lunar strategy. My hope is to remain bold, influence exploration strategy for Europe, and show that smaller companies can play a major role in lunar access and resource development.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-about-space-minds\">About Space Minds<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Space Minds is a new audio and video podcast from SpaceNews that focuses on the inspiring leaders, technologies and exciting opportunities in space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The weekly podcast features compelling interviews with scientists, founders and experts who love to talk about space, covers the news that has enthusiasts daydreaming, and engages with listeners. Join David Ariosto, Mike Gruss and journalists from the SpaceNews team for new episodes every Thursday.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Watch a new episode every Thursday on&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/spacenews.com\/\">SpaceNews.com<\/a>&nbsp;and on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@SpaceNewsInc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">YouTube<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/2EelNYh8QiOM3AuP68nYAr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Spotify<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/au\/channel\/spacenews\/id6744940687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Apple<\/a> channels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Be the first to know when new episodes drop! Enter your email, and we\u2019ll make sure you get exclusive access to each episode as soon as it goes live!<\/p>\n\n\n<script>\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 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class='gform_description'><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='gform_required_legend'>&quot;<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>&quot; indicates required fields<\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data'  id='gform_54'  action='\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/553449' data-formid='54' novalidate>\n                        <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_54' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><div id=\"field_54_15\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-honeypot gform_validation_container field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_15'>Phone<\/label><div class='ginput_container'><input name='input_15' id='input_54_15' type='text' value='' autocomplete='new-password'\/><\/div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_54_15'>This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.<\/div><\/div><fieldset id=\"field_54_2\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-name gfield--input-type-name gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_hidden_label gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Name<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/legend><div class='ginput_complex ginput_container ginput_container--name no_prefix has_first_name no_middle_name has_last_name no_suffix gf_name_has_2 ginput_container_name gform-grid-row' id='input_54_2'>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_54_2_3_container' class='name_first gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_2.3' id='input_54_2_3' value=''   aria-required='true'   placeholder='First'  \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_54_2_3' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub hidden_sub_label screen-reader-text'>First<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                            <span id='input_54_2_6_container' class='name_last gform-grid-col gform-grid-col--size-auto' >\n                                                    <input type='text' name='input_2.6' id='input_54_2_6' value=''   aria-required='true'   placeholder='Last'  \/>\n                                                    <label for='input_54_2_6' class='gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-sub hidden_sub_label screen-reader-text'>Last<\/label>\n                                                <\/span>\n                            \n                        <\/div><\/fieldset><div id=\"field_54_1\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-email gfield--input-type-email gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_1'>Email<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_email'>\n                            <input name='input_1' id='input_54_1' type='email' value='' class='medium'    aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"  \/>\n                        <\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_54_4\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_4'>Company<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_4' id='input_54_4' type='text' value='' class='medium'    placeholder='Company' aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_54_6\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_6'>Title<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_6' id='input_54_6' type='text' value='' class='medium'     aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_54_14\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-phone gfield--input-type-phone gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_14'>Phone<\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_phone'><input name='input_14' id='input_54_14' type='tel' value='' class='large'    aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_54_12\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-full gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_54_12'>State<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_12' id='input_54_12' type='text' value='' class='medium'  aria-describedby=\"gfield_description_54_12\"   aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\"   \/><\/div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_54_12'>State \/ Province \/ Region<\/div><\/div><fieldset id=\"field_54_10\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-address gfield--input-type-address gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\"  ><legend class='gfield_label gform-field-label gfield_label_before_complex' >Country<span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/legend>    \n                    <div class='ginput_complex ginput_container has_country ginput_container_address gform-grid-row' id='input_54_10' >\n                        <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='input_10.4' id='input_54_10_4' value=''\/><span class='ginput_left address_country ginput_address_country gform-grid-col' id='input_54_10_6_container' >\n                                        <select name='input_10.6' id='input_54_10_6'   aria-required='true'    ><option value='' selected='selected'><\/option><option value='Afghanistan' >Afghanistan<\/option><option value='Albania' >Albania<\/option><option value='Algeria' >Algeria<\/option><option value='American Samoa' >American Samoa<\/option><option value='Andorra' >Andorra<\/option><option value='Angola' >Angola<\/option><option value='Anguilla' >Anguilla<\/option><option value='Antarctica' >Antarctica<\/option><option value='Antigua and Barbuda' >Antigua and Barbuda<\/option><option value='Argentina' >Argentina<\/option><option value='Armenia' >Armenia<\/option><option value='Aruba' >Aruba<\/option><option value='Australia' >Australia<\/option><option value='Austria' >Austria<\/option><option value='Azerbaijan' >Azerbaijan<\/option><option value='Bahamas' >Bahamas<\/option><option value='Bahrain' >Bahrain<\/option><option value='Bangladesh' >Bangladesh<\/option><option value='Barbados' >Barbados<\/option><option value='Belarus' >Belarus<\/option><option value='Belgium' >Belgium<\/option><option value='Belize' >Belize<\/option><option value='Benin' >Benin<\/option><option value='Bermuda' >Bermuda<\/option><option value='Bhutan' >Bhutan<\/option><option value='Bolivia' >Bolivia<\/option><option value='Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba' >Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba<\/option><option value='Bosnia and Herzegovina' >Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/option><option value='Botswana' >Botswana<\/option><option value='Bouvet Island' >Bouvet Island<\/option><option value='Brazil' >Brazil<\/option><option value='British Indian Ocean Territory' >British Indian Ocean Territory<\/option><option value='Brunei Darussalam' >Brunei Darussalam<\/option><option value='Bulgaria' >Bulgaria<\/option><option value='Burkina Faso' >Burkina Faso<\/option><option value='Burundi' >Burundi<\/option><option value='Cabo Verde' >Cabo Verde<\/option><option value='Cambodia' >Cambodia<\/option><option value='Cameroon' >Cameroon<\/option><option value='Canada' >Canada<\/option><option value='Cayman Islands' >Cayman Islands<\/option><option value='Central African Republic' >Central African Republic<\/option><option value='Chad' >Chad<\/option><option value='Chile' >Chile<\/option><option value='China' >China<\/option><option value='Christmas Island' >Christmas Island<\/option><option value='Cocos Islands' >Cocos Islands<\/option><option value='Colombia' >Colombia<\/option><option value='Comoros' >Comoros<\/option><option value='Congo' >Congo<\/option><option value='Congo, Democratic Republic of the' >Congo, Democratic Republic of the<\/option><option value='Cook Islands' >Cook Islands<\/option><option value='Costa Rica' >Costa Rica<\/option><option value='Croatia' >Croatia<\/option><option value='Cuba' >Cuba<\/option><option value='Cura\u00e7ao' >Cura\u00e7ao<\/option><option value='Cyprus' >Cyprus<\/option><option value='Czechia' >Czechia<\/option><option value='C\u00f4te d&#039;Ivoire' >C\u00f4te d&#039;Ivoire<\/option><option value='Denmark' >Denmark<\/option><option value='Djibouti' >Djibouti<\/option><option value='Dominica' >Dominica<\/option><option value='Dominican Republic' >Dominican Republic<\/option><option value='Ecuador' >Ecuador<\/option><option value='Egypt' >Egypt<\/option><option value='El Salvador' >El Salvador<\/option><option value='Equatorial Guinea' >Equatorial Guinea<\/option><option value='Eritrea' >Eritrea<\/option><option value='Estonia' >Estonia<\/option><option value='Eswatini' >Eswatini<\/option><option value='Ethiopia' >Ethiopia<\/option><option value='Falkland Islands' >Falkland Islands<\/option><option value='Faroe Islands' >Faroe Islands<\/option><option value='Fiji' >Fiji<\/option><option value='Finland' >Finland<\/option><option value='France' >France<\/option><option value='French Guiana' >French Guiana<\/option><option value='French Polynesia' >French Polynesia<\/option><option value='French Southern Territories' >French Southern Territories<\/option><option value='Gabon' >Gabon<\/option><option value='Gambia' >Gambia<\/option><option value='Georgia' >Georgia<\/option><option value='Germany' >Germany<\/option><option value='Ghana' >Ghana<\/option><option value='Gibraltar' >Gibraltar<\/option><option value='Greece' >Greece<\/option><option value='Greenland' >Greenland<\/option><option value='Grenada' >Grenada<\/option><option value='Guadeloupe' >Guadeloupe<\/option><option value='Guam' >Guam<\/option><option value='Guatemala' >Guatemala<\/option><option value='Guernsey' >Guernsey<\/option><option value='Guinea' >Guinea<\/option><option value='Guinea-Bissau' >Guinea-Bissau<\/option><option value='Guyana' >Guyana<\/option><option value='Haiti' >Haiti<\/option><option value='Heard Island and McDonald Islands' >Heard Island and McDonald Islands<\/option><option value='Holy See' >Holy See<\/option><option value='Honduras' >Honduras<\/option><option value='Hong Kong' >Hong Kong<\/option><option value='Hungary' >Hungary<\/option><option value='Iceland' >Iceland<\/option><option value='India' >India<\/option><option value='Indonesia' >Indonesia<\/option><option value='Iran' >Iran<\/option><option value='Iraq' >Iraq<\/option><option value='Ireland' >Ireland<\/option><option value='Isle of Man' >Isle of Man<\/option><option value='Israel' >Israel<\/option><option value='Italy' >Italy<\/option><option value='Jamaica' >Jamaica<\/option><option value='Japan' >Japan<\/option><option value='Jersey' >Jersey<\/option><option value='Jordan' >Jordan<\/option><option value='Kazakhstan' >Kazakhstan<\/option><option value='Kenya' >Kenya<\/option><option value='Kiribati' >Kiribati<\/option><option value='Korea, Democratic People&#039;s Republic of' >Korea, Democratic People&#039;s Republic of<\/option><option value='Korea, Republic of' >Korea, Republic of<\/option><option value='Kuwait' >Kuwait<\/option><option value='Kyrgyzstan' >Kyrgyzstan<\/option><option value='Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic' >Lao People&#039;s Democratic Republic<\/option><option value='Latvia' >Latvia<\/option><option value='Lebanon' >Lebanon<\/option><option value='Lesotho' >Lesotho<\/option><option value='Liberia' >Liberia<\/option><option value='Libya' >Libya<\/option><option value='Liechtenstein' >Liechtenstein<\/option><option value='Lithuania' >Lithuania<\/option><option value='Luxembourg' >Luxembourg<\/option><option value='Macao' >Macao<\/option><option value='Madagascar' >Madagascar<\/option><option value='Malawi' >Malawi<\/option><option value='Malaysia' >Malaysia<\/option><option value='Maldives' >Maldives<\/option><option value='Mali' >Mali<\/option><option value='Malta' >Malta<\/option><option value='Marshall Islands' >Marshall Islands<\/option><option value='Martinique' >Martinique<\/option><option value='Mauritania' >Mauritania<\/option><option value='Mauritius' >Mauritius<\/option><option value='Mayotte' >Mayotte<\/option><option value='Mexico' >Mexico<\/option><option value='Micronesia' >Micronesia<\/option><option value='Moldova' >Moldova<\/option><option value='Monaco' >Monaco<\/option><option value='Mongolia' >Mongolia<\/option><option value='Montenegro' >Montenegro<\/option><option value='Montserrat' >Montserrat<\/option><option value='Morocco' >Morocco<\/option><option value='Mozambique' >Mozambique<\/option><option value='Myanmar' >Myanmar<\/option><option value='Namibia' >Namibia<\/option><option value='Nauru' >Nauru<\/option><option value='Nepal' >Nepal<\/option><option value='Netherlands' >Netherlands<\/option><option value='New Caledonia' >New Caledonia<\/option><option value='New Zealand' >New Zealand<\/option><option value='Nicaragua' >Nicaragua<\/option><option value='Niger' >Niger<\/option><option value='Nigeria' >Nigeria<\/option><option value='Niue' >Niue<\/option><option value='Norfolk Island' >Norfolk Island<\/option><option value='North Macedonia' >North Macedonia<\/option><option value='Northern Mariana Islands' >Northern Mariana Islands<\/option><option value='Norway' >Norway<\/option><option value='Oman' >Oman<\/option><option value='Pakistan' >Pakistan<\/option><option value='Palau' >Palau<\/option><option value='Palestine, State of' >Palestine, State of<\/option><option value='Panama' >Panama<\/option><option value='Papua New Guinea' >Papua New Guinea<\/option><option value='Paraguay' >Paraguay<\/option><option value='Peru' >Peru<\/option><option value='Philippines' >Philippines<\/option><option value='Pitcairn' >Pitcairn<\/option><option value='Poland' >Poland<\/option><option value='Portugal' >Portugal<\/option><option value='Puerto Rico' >Puerto Rico<\/option><option value='Qatar' >Qatar<\/option><option value='Romania' >Romania<\/option><option value='Russian Federation' >Russian Federation<\/option><option value='Rwanda' >Rwanda<\/option><option value='R\u00e9union' >R\u00e9union<\/option><option value='Saint Barth\u00e9lemy' >Saint Barth\u00e9lemy<\/option><option value='Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha' >Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha<\/option><option value='Saint Kitts and Nevis' >Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/option><option value='Saint Lucia' >Saint Lucia<\/option><option value='Saint Martin' >Saint Martin<\/option><option value='Saint Pierre and Miquelon' >Saint Pierre and Miquelon<\/option><option value='Saint Vincent and the Grenadines' >Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<\/option><option value='Samoa' >Samoa<\/option><option value='San Marino' >San Marino<\/option><option value='Sao Tome and Principe' >Sao Tome and Principe<\/option><option value='Saudi Arabia' >Saudi Arabia<\/option><option value='Senegal' >Senegal<\/option><option value='Serbia' >Serbia<\/option><option value='Seychelles' >Seychelles<\/option><option value='Sierra Leone' >Sierra Leone<\/option><option value='Singapore' >Singapore<\/option><option value='Sint Maarten' >Sint Maarten<\/option><option value='Slovakia' >Slovakia<\/option><option value='Slovenia' >Slovenia<\/option><option value='Solomon Islands' >Solomon Islands<\/option><option value='Somalia' >Somalia<\/option><option value='South Africa' >South Africa<\/option><option value='South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands' >South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands<\/option><option value='South Sudan' >South Sudan<\/option><option value='Spain' >Spain<\/option><option value='Sri Lanka' >Sri Lanka<\/option><option value='Sudan' >Sudan<\/option><option value='Suriname' >Suriname<\/option><option value='Svalbard and Jan Mayen' >Svalbard and Jan Mayen<\/option><option value='Sweden' >Sweden<\/option><option value='Switzerland' >Switzerland<\/option><option value='Syria Arab Republic' >Syria Arab Republic<\/option><option value='Taiwan' >Taiwan<\/option><option value='Tajikistan' >Tajikistan<\/option><option value='Tanzania, the United Republic of' >Tanzania, the United Republic of<\/option><option value='Thailand' >Thailand<\/option><option value='Timor-Leste' >Timor-Leste<\/option><option value='Togo' >Togo<\/option><option value='Tokelau' >Tokelau<\/option><option value='Tonga' >Tonga<\/option><option value='Trinidad and Tobago' >Trinidad and Tobago<\/option><option value='Tunisia' >Tunisia<\/option><option value='Turkmenistan' >Turkmenistan<\/option><option value='Turks and Caicos Islands' >Turks and Caicos Islands<\/option><option value='Tuvalu' >Tuvalu<\/option><option value='T\u00fcrkiye' >T\u00fcrkiye<\/option><option value='US Minor Outlying Islands' >US Minor Outlying Islands<\/option><option value='Uganda' >Uganda<\/option><option value='Ukraine' >Ukraine<\/option><option value='United Arab Emirates' >United Arab Emirates<\/option><option value='United Kingdom' >United Kingdom<\/option><option value='United States' >United States<\/option><option value='Uruguay' >Uruguay<\/option><option value='Uzbekistan' >Uzbekistan<\/option><option value='Vanuatu' >Vanuatu<\/option><option value='Venezuela' >Venezuela<\/option><option value='Viet Nam' >Viet Nam<\/option><option 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